
USADA's investigation into Lance Armstrong left him with nowhere to hide and he eventually admitted to doping during a TV interview with Oprah Winfrey, above. However, the agency appears to carry out very few tests in many sports where the performance gain drugs could give and the financial rewards on offer must give rise to serious temptation.
When Lance Armstrong was exposed earlier this year as a massive user of performance enhancing drugs throughout his career and as a senior figure who groomed others to take drugs to further his and his team's objectives, it was the United States Anti Doping Agency (USADA) that brought him down.
The Government body's pursuit of Armstrong was vigorous and comprehensive and rightly succeeded in laying bare his lies and rotten the culture within his team. It also raised very significant questions about the culture in cycling and the role of the UCI world governing body within that culture.
Those questions about the UCI have not yet been answered following the collapse of an independent process intended to interrogate the agency's activities - some say inactivity - as they related to Armstrong and the wider doping issue.
However, while USADA was praised for having, once and for all, exposed Armstrong via a wide and comprehensive investigation, its reach into other sports appears very limited, according to its own testing figures for all of last year and the first quarter of 2013 (below).
It carries out its own tests in the US and is also invited by sports to carry out tests on behalf of those codes. It means the figures below capture the level of testing USADA performs for itself/of its own volition, and also the extent to which other sports do, or quite clearly don't, invite USADA in to test their athletes.
For example - and it is just one example - there were just 29 tests carried out in tennis in all of last year, despite the grueling schedule in tournaments where matches that can last for hours must be played day after day, with financial rewards for the successful that dwarf almost anything in cycling.
Exactly the same number of tests were carried out on Paralympic cyclists in the same period. And in both tennis and Paralympic cycling, all of the tests were out of competition, with no in-competition tests carried out by the agency during 2012 in either code - and for many others.
We have decided to publish the figures below, not in any way to distract from the seriousness of the drugs issue in cycling, but to highlight what appears to be, to put it mildly, an imbalance in the number of tests carried out across a large number of sports.
The first set of figures below are for the first quarter of this year, while the second set relates to 2012 in full. The second set of figures is very significant in that it captures USADA's testing of many Olympic sports in an Olympic year.
The figures are unedited and come from USADA, accompanied with the following brief explanatory note: "This list includes all tests executed by USADA. That includes those tests initiated, or planned as part of USADA's US Olympic, Paralympic and Pan American movements testing program as well as those tests completed by USADA at the request of other sport and anti-doping federations, events, and organizations."
Testing Numbers By Sport - January 1st to March 31st (2013)
| Sport |
Out of Competition |
In Competition |
Total |
| Archery |
6 |
0 |
6 |
| Badminton |
2 |
0 |
2 |
| Biathlon |
8 |
0 |
8 |
| Bobsled & Skeleton |
48 |
32 |
80 |
| Bowling |
3 |
0 |
3 |
| Boxing |
3 |
0 |
3 |
| Boxing (Professional) |
26 |
0 |
26 |
| Canoe & Kayak |
6 |
0 |
6 |
| Curling |
11 |
24 |
35 |
| Cycling |
249 |
26 |
275 |
| Darts |
0 |
4 |
4 |
| Diving |
7 |
0 |
7 |
| Fencing |
3 |
4 |
7 |
| Field Hockey |
1 |
0 |
1 |
| Figure Skating |
2 |
20 |
22 |
| Fishing |
0 |
4 |
4 |
| Gymnastics |
15 |
6 |
21 |
| Ice Hockey |
22 |
0 |
22 |
| Jiu-Jitsu |
0 |
10 |
10 |
| Judo |
8 |
0 |
8 |
| Karate |
4 |
0 |
4 |
| Luge |
9 |
16 |
25 |
| Modern Pentathlon |
2 |
6 |
8 |
| Racquetball |
2 |
0 |
2 |
| Roller Sports |
1 |
0 |
1 |
| Rowing |
20 |
0 |
20 |
| Rugby |
16 |
13 |
29 |
| Sailing |
2 |
0 |
2 |
| Shooting |
5 |
0 |
5 |
| Skiing & Snowboarding |
110 |
92 |
202 |
| Soccer |
5 |
0 |
5 |
| Softball |
2 |
0 |
2 |
| Speedskating |
52 |
34 |
86 |
| Squash |
0 |
2 |
2 |
| Swimming |
72 |
25 |
97 |
| Synchronized Swimming |
2 |
12 |
14 |
| Taekwondo |
9 |
32 |
41 |
| Team Handball |
2 |
0 |
2 |
| Tennis |
19 |
0 |
19 |
| Track & Field |
392 |
104 |
496 |
| Triathlon |
77 |
28 |
105 |
| Volleyball |
16 |
0 |
16 |
| Water Polo |
3 |
0 |
3 |
| Water Skiing |
4 |
0 |
4 |
| Weightlifting |
28 |
35 |
63 |
| Wrestling |
21 |
0 |
21 |
| Paralympic Alpine Skiing |
6 |
0 |
6 |
| Paralympic Archery |
1 |
0 |
1 |
| Paralympic Basketball |
6 |
0 |
6 |
| Paralympic Boccia |
1 |
0 |
1 |
| Paralympic Curling |
2 |
0 |
2 |
| Paralympic Cycling |
11 |
0 |
11 |
| Paralympic Equestrian |
1 |
3 |
4 |
| Paralympic Fencing |
2 |
0 |
2 |
| Paralympic Goalball |
3 |
0 |
3 |
| Paralympic Judo |
2 |
0 |
2 |
| Paralympic Nordic Skiing |
10 |
4 |
14 |
| Paralympic Powerlifting |
0 |
6 |
6 |
| Paralympic Rowing |
2 |
0 |
2 |
| Paralympic Rugby |
2 |
0 |
2 |
| Paralympic Sled Hockey |
5 |
0 |
5 |
| Paralympic Soccer |
5 |
0 |
5 |
| Paralympic Swimming |
5 |
0 |
5 |
| Paralympic Tennis |
3 |
0 |
3 |
| Paralympic Track & Field |
13 |
0 |
13 |
| Paralympic Volleyball |
2 |
0 |
2 |
| Total |
1377 |
542 |
1919 |
Testing Numbers By Sport - Full year 2012
| Sport |
Out of Competition |
In Competition |
Totals |
| Archery |
8 |
32 |
40 |
| Australian Rules Football |
48 |
0 |
48 |
| Badminton |
5 |
4 |
9 |
| Baseball |
6 |
0 |
6 |
| Basketball |
75 |
Related News
0 |
75 |
| Biathlon |
24 |
4 |
28 |
| Bobsled & Skeleton |
172 |
30 |
202 |
| Bowling |
3 |
0 |
3 |
| Boxing |
43 |
13 |
56 |
| Canoe & Kayak |
36 |
24 |
60 |
| Cheerleading |
0 |
10 |
10 |
| Climbing |
0 |
4 |
4 |
| Curling |
14 |
12 |
26 |
| Cycling |
663 |
373 |
1036 |
| Dance Sport |
0 |
8 |
8 |
| Diving |
14 |
30 |
44 |
| Dragon Boat |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Equestrian |
24 |
8 |
32 |
| Fencing |
23 |
8 |
31 |
| Field Hockey |
26 |
0 |
26 |
| Figure Skating |
29 |
58 |
87 |
| Football |
6 |
24 |
30 |
| Golf |
0 |
2 |
2 |
| Gymnastics |
33 |
39 |
72 |
| Ice Hockey |
21 |
28 |
49 |
| Judo |
58 |
42 |
100 |
| Karate |
9 |
10 |
19 |
| Latin Dance Sport |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Luge |
43 |
12 |
55 |
| Modern Pentathlon |
7 |
20 |
27 |
| Professional Boxing |
92 |
21 |
113 |
| Racquetball |
8 |
0 |
8 |
| Roller Sports |
5 |
8 |
13 |
| Rowing |
141 |
10 |
151 |
| Rugby |
90 |
20 |
110 |
| Sailing |
33 |
0 |
33 |
| Shooting |
33 |
37 |
70 |
| Skateboarding |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Skiing & Snowboarding |
253 |
105 |
358 |
| Soccer |
30 |
0 |
30 |
| Softball |
4 |
0 |
4 |
| Speedskating |
261 |
94 |
355 |
| Squash |
2 |
0 |
2 |
| Supercross |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Surfing |
1 |
0 |
1 |
| Swimming |
488 |
343 |
831 |
| Synchronized Swimming |
6 |
0 |
6 |
| Table Tennis |
5 |
11 |
16 |
| Taekwondo |
12 |
32 |
44 |
| Team Handball |
4 |
0 |
4 |
| Tennis |
29 |
0 |
29 |
| Track & Field |
1581 |
698 |
2279 |
| Triathlon |
551 |
230 |
781 |
| Volleyball |
80 |
9 |
89 |
| Water Polo |
44 |
6 |
50 |
| Water Skiing |
13 |
0 |
13 |
| Weightlifting |
136 |
114 |
250 |
| Wrestling |
125 |
147 |
272 |
| Paralympic Alpine Skiing |
6 |
4 |
10 |
| Paralympic Archery |
5 |
6 |
11 |
| Paralympic Basketball |
28 |
0 |
28 |
| Paralympic Boccia |
4 |
0 |
4 |
| Paralympic Curling |
2 |
0 |
2 |
| Paralympic Cycling |
29 |
0 |
29 |
| Paralympic Equestrian |
8 |
0 |
8 |
| Paralympic Fencing |
7 |
0 |
7 |
| Paralympic Goalball |
10 |
0 |
10 |
| Paralympic Judo |
8 |
0 |
8 |
| Paralympic Nordic Skiing |
3 |
5 |
8 |
| Paralympic Powerlifting |
2 |
4 |
6 |
| Paralympic Rowing |
10 |
0 |
10 |
| Paralympic Rugby |
21 |
0 |
21 |
| Paralympic Sailing |
9 |
0 |
9 |
| Paralympic Shooting |
4 |
0 |
4 |
| Paralympic Sled Hockey |
10 |
0 |
10 |
| Paralympic Soccer |
27 |
0 |
27 |
| Paralympic Swimming |
26 |
22 |
48 |
| Paralympic Table Tennis |
4 |
0 |
4 |
| Paralympic Tennis |
14 |
0 |
14 |
| Paralympic Track & Field |
39 |
55 |
94 |
| Paralympic Volleyball |
21 |
0 |
21 |
| TOTALS |
5,714 |
2,776 |
8,490 |